Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Manager Performance

Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Manager Performance The effect of passionate insight on managers’ execution: Evidence from clinics situated in Tehran Dynamic Setting: Most of the examinations show that enthusiastic knowledge (EI) is a significant factor for powerful initiative and group execution in associations. Points: This examination paper means to give an exploratory investigation of EI in the emergency clinics supervisors situated in Tehran, and inspect its connection to their presentation. Settings and Design: The current examination was a systematic and cross-sectional investigation. Setting of the examination was emergency clinics situated in Tehran, Iran. Subjects and Methods: We directed a cross-sectional examination from a coordinated example of 120 supervisors and 360 subordinates in medical clinics situated in Tehran. Cyberia recoil EI measure was utilized for surveying the EI of the members. Additionally, an administration execution Questionnaire is explicitly created for the current examination. The aggregate of 480 polls broke down all through Kolmogorovâ€Smirnov, Mannâ€Whitney, and Kruskalâ€Wallis tests in SPSS. Results: The discoveries proposed a poor EI among clinic supervisors. With respect to EI subscales, social abilities and self-inspiration were in the most noteworthy and least levels individually. In addition, the outcomes demonstrated that EI increments with experience. The outcomes likewise appeared there is no critical connection between the parts of EI and the presentation of emergency clinic supervisors. Ends: Present examination showed that more elevated levels of EI didn't really prompt better execution in clinic chiefs. Catchphrases: Emotional knowledge, clinic chiefs, execution Presentation Passionate knowledge (EI) is the capacity to distinguish, evaluate, and handle one’s emotions.[1] Goleman and Sutherland[2] characterize EI as the capacity to rouse oneself and continue despite dissatisfaction; to control motivations and postpone satisfaction; to direct one’s temperaments and shield trouble from trading the capacity to think; to underline and to trust. As such Bar On,[3] characterizes EI as being worried about getting oneself as well as other people, in connection with individuals and adapting to the prompt environmental factors so as to be progressively fruitful in managing natural requests. Weisinger[4] sees EI as the shrewd utilization of sentiments or making one’s feelings work to one’s favorable position by utilizing them to help manage conduct and thinking in valuable manners. In this examination, EI were characterized as set of aptitudes that add to the exact evaluation and articulation of feeling in oneself and in others, the amazi ng guideline of feeling, and the use of sentiments to design, convince, and accomplish in life.[5] Numerous examinations have been directed about EI that tended to the two its idea and its measurement.[6] Some analysts have confidence in a capacity model of EI,[5] while others guarantee that EI comprises of both psychological capacity and character aspects.[2,3] The capacity model sees EI as a type of unadulterated insight, that is, EI is a subjective capacity. Salovey and Mayer’s model of EI is estimated utilizing the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI test, an exhibition measure which requires the member to finish assignments related with EI.[7] conversely, the blend models of EI either underline how subjective and character factors impact general well-being[3] or center around how intellectual and character factors decide work environment success.[2] Bar On’s model is estimated by utilizing the feeling remainder stock and Goleman’s model is estimated by utilizing the enthusiastic competency stock, the EI appraisal,[8] and the Work Profile Questionnaire.[9] Put it in context, research has indicated that EI is a significant factor in the workplace.[10-14] Researchers contend that EI is a fundamentally significant competency for successful authority and group execution in organizations.[14-16] Some scholars guarantee that EI of chiefs can influence work output,[10,11] in spite of the fact that proof for this isn't adequate more.[17,18] EI has been accounted for to be decidedly connected with work satisfaction.[14] EI representatives will be progressively equipped for controlling their impression of the earth in which they work.[14] Leaders who are high on EI will be better ready to exploit and utilize their positive mind-sets and feelings to imagine significant enhancements in their organizations’ working. They are additionally liable to know about the way that their positive temperaments may make them be excessively idealistic. Additionally, work execution is the accumulated an incentive to the association of the conduct scenes pe rformed by people after some time that have constructive or contrary ramifications for the organization.[19] Managers high on EI can encourage their employees’ imagination through communication with them and by means of the production of a work atmosphere strong of creativity.[20,21] likewise, chiefs high on EI can make constructive connections between representatives that prompts better cooperation,[22] coordination[23] and authoritative behavior.[8,14] Furthermore administrators high on EI help their workers in making a decent working atmosphere and furthermore solid relationship with the customers.[24] Given the conversation above, EI assumes a noteworthy job in the director representative relationship and their presentation. However, the impacts of EI on managers’ execution have not been evaluated more in human services setting. Considering the distinctions of the medical clinic condition in contrast and different associations, this investigation gives great proof, with surveying the impact of EI on managers’ execution in emergency clinics condition for leaders in wellbeing area. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The current exploration was a logical and cross-sectional investigation which were done in emergency clinics subsidiary to three clinical colleges in (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences). For choosing the examples in this examination, just chiefs who had at least three subordinates were incorporated. At last 120 top, center, and lower level supervisors of the medical clinics were chosen. Additionally, 360 people took an interest in this investigation to assess execution of the directors; in that every three people assessed the exhibition of their immediate chief. Generally speaking, 480 surveys were finished by the members and information were investigated by Kolmogorovâ€Smirnov, Mannâ€Whitney, and Kruskalâ€Wallis tests in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), adaptation 16. This investigation was affirmed by Iran University of Medical Sciences Ethics Co mmittee. Members in this investigation were educated that taking an interest in this examination is deliberate; which implies on the off chance that they don’t like to respond to certain inquiries they are free not to answer them and their history will be treated as private and won't be unveiled. Moreover members gave educated agree to distribution regarding this work. In this investigation, we followed Goleman’s model and looks at five parts of EI: mindfulness (the capacity to perceive and comprehend individual mind-sets and feelings, and their impact on delay judgment and to think before acting), self-inspiration (an enthusiasm to work for inner reasons that go past cash and status), social mindfulness (the capacity to comprehend the passionate cosmetics of others), and social aptitudes (the capacity to oversee connections and construct systems, and to discover shared conviction and assemble rapport).[2] For this, Cyberia recoil EI poll was utilized for surveying the EI of the members. This poll estimates five subscales, to be specific mindfulness (seven things), self-guideline (four things), self-inspiration (four things), sympathy or social mindfulness (five things), and social aptitudes (five things). [2] Moreover an administration execution (MP) Questionnaire was explicitly produced for the current examination, which estimates four sig nificant subscales: arranging (8 things), association (12 things), authority (18 things), and control (12 things). Unwavering quality and legitimacy tests were led on Farsi variant of the EI survey and MP poll with multivariate measure. To evaluate the acknowledgment of the polls, 10 individuals required in any event 10 years in the field of scholastic administrative practice were welcome to take part I request to reexamining portions of the surveys. Toward the end, all members communicated high consent to the suitability of the polls. The polls finished subsequent to adjusting a few inquiries appropriately. Besides Cronbach’s alpha estimated for the apparatuses. The outcomes demonstrated that Cronbach’s alpha of Farsi rendition of EI poll for all measurements was as 0.89, and for MP poll was as 0.88, which shows solid unwavering quality for our review instruments. RESULTS Information indicated 92 (76.6%) of tests were male and 28 (23.4%) were female. Participants’ age extended from 23 to 57 (most of the directors had a place with the 40â€50 years gathering) and the normal age was 43.45 (standard deviation [SD] = 7.51). 45% of the supervisors had been >10 long periods of experience (mean = 14.24, SD = 7.14). The outcomes show execution of male chiefs in open medical clinics (mean 36  ± 13) was better that those in private emergency clinics (mean 35  ± 23). Then again, the exhibition of female administrators in private emergency clinics (mean 38  ± 16) was altogether better that those in open medical clinics (mean 36  ± 17). Enthusiastic knowledge subscales scores of chiefs show that social aptitudes have the most noteworthy position and self-inspiration has the least position. When all is said in done, the EI score of clinic chiefs in this investigation was 56% [Table 1]. Additionally, there is no critical distinction between the EI of people. In view of the aftereffect of this exploration, emergency clinic chiefs in more significant levels have a more elevated level of EI. Extreme in a few

Leadership Development in Nursing Education Program

Question: Portray about the Education Program on the Subject of Leadership Development in Nursing? Answer: As per Bleich (2015), an all encompassing methodology is required for creating Creative Leadership (CCL) among the medical attendants to help them building up an expert standpoint. Additionally, Bleich likewise accentuated on building three kinds of skills capacities among the members. These there abilities are centered around encouraging the administration quality in regards to driving the association, driving the self-inspiration and helping other people (patients). Be that as it may, the work is inexactly founded on crafted by Crosby and Shields (2010) who proposed to survey the authority quality dependent on their exhibition. Nonetheless, the Magnet Model as proposed by Benjamin and her associates (2011) additionally featured different factors in rousing the patient consideration pioneers for expanding the nursing authority quality. The Magnet Model is centered around building up a solid program that is centered around introducing the shame of initiative quality inside the develo ping attendants from their lord's program. The parts of the Magnet Model give substance to the accomplishment of the remedial method of the attendants dependent on every day of study. As clarified by Glassman et al. (2002) the administration improvement program prompts introduce a positive authority quality among the medical attendants who will eventually give a positive effect on the foundation. In addition, the work led by Curtis et al. (2011) has additionally underlined on building the authority attributes inside a medical attendant which will upgrade his/her critical thinking ability and viability in keeping up a gathering. In the wake of directing the meeting, the outcome got from the respondents have given a legitimate avocation and comprehension of the initiative model as expressed previously. All the interviewees have demonstrated that they comprehend the obligations. Also, all the members have consented to see accurately the initiative exercises that are required in a person. Different noteworthy discoveries have been set up from the polls. Additionally, everybody has concurred that the pioneers are expected to have visionary standpoint and need to keep up a few and methodologies and plan to accomplish the objective that are doled out to them (Howlin Halligan 2014). Besides, the overview additionally featured the comprehension of the members about the need of critical thinking capacity and upkeep of gathering adequacy among the nursing heads. In any case, most of the individuals can't help contradicting the explanation that initiative characteristics are not acquired after some time rather practice and experience can pick up it (Kristjanson, Linda Scalan 1992). The outcome got from the meeting segment is classified underneath which features the comprehension of the initiative program by different enlisted and selected medical caretakers. Enlisted Nurses Enlisted Nurses Assurance of objective Understanding the authoritative exercises Accomplishing coordination Critical thinking capacity Understanding the authority rule Treatment arranging Building representative assurance Encouraging changes Giving direction and motivation to the patients for their quick recuperation Care understanding Very much created relational aptitudes Sound clinical information Great experience Solid verbal correspondence capacity Tuning in to the enrolled nurture Table 1: Answers given by the interviewee with respect to the comprehension of the administration action and program Then again, the Morrow (2015) proposed different instructive systems to execute a legitimate nursing training program. Morrow's work depends on giving dynamic learning methodologies to instructing the medical caretakers. Subsequently, by contemplating Morrow's work, it very well may be inferred that intelligent learning, peer learning, interdisciplinary group learning, hierarchical association learning and educational program renewal learning technique can be viewed as the best instructive arrangement for teaching the nursing workforce. The intelligent reasoning instigates and expands the basic speculation capacity inside a medical caretaker. Then again, peer learning can introduce wellbeing centered reproduction instruction inside an attendant. Additionally, this procedure likewise helps the attendants in improving their research center abilities and furthermore encourages them to comprehend the significance of lab evaluation and clinical settings. Besides, updates and joined encoun ters of the interdisciplinary workforce group inside an alumni homeroom condition. This will help the nursing understudy in expanding their study hall experience. This instructive arrangement helps the understudies in creating, actualizing and animating information from the affirmed medical attendants. In addition, this instructive structure additionally furnishes the patient with a chance to work two by two with the ensured medical caretakers that would help them overseeing delegates and different undertakings to oversee care for the patients for their future undertaking. The nursing staff needs to develop their showing style and structure a nearby working together unit with the nursing understudies. Also, they ought to permit different various associations that are related with the medicinal services segment of the general public to visit the understudy's study hall in the college level. Besides, the cooperation between an enormous state college and rustic medical clinic would give pragmatic information and presentation to the senior level understudies. In any case, different educational plan changes are required to execute these philosophies. This reorganization ought to embrace and stress on administration learning content all through the educational plan to upgrade understudy initiative to deal with different nursing-related issues and social equity. In addition, the educational plan change needs to concentrate on self-care, self-administration, good and moral thinking among the nursing workforce to improve their initiative quality. Then again, th e educational plan needs to concentrate on demonstrating out a culture of mentorship and cooperation among the medical caretakers to build the initiative capacity among the working staffs. Be that as it may, Parrish and Kay (2014) have proposed leading semi-organized meeting rehearses among the nursing staff. They have underscored on giving the understudies observations and subject related unequivocal viable information to upgrade the usage of the nursing quality. Then again, the work done by Nguyen (2011) have suggested the utilization of new advances for training and expanding the standard of nursing rehearses among the alumni medical caretakers. A portion of the procedures that are featured are separation learning, recreation strategy, telehealth and informatics and major PC philosophies. The separation training strategy can give course materials to the understudy by means of type-composed, video innovation, and web office. Besides, rustic nursing understudies will get a distinctive thought of the nursing initiative in provincial territories because of the gift of the video and sound media transmission. Adding to these Sandstrm et al. (2011) have proposed assembling proof base practice for the medical attendants to improve their authority quality. While talking about the initiative styles and strategies, the vast majority of the interviewees have given illustrative models. Different interviewees have precisely expressed their perspectives in regards to the inquiries that have been posed to them (Allan 2010). Most of the respondents have emphatically concurred that the organization had decidedly impacted their administration characteristics. Also, the prime and chief subject of the meeting was to ingrain certainty among the interviewees in finding their style (Wong, Cummings Ducharne 2013). This is very apparent from the answer that was gotten from one of the respondents. An enlisted nurture interviewee expressed that: The program has propelled me gigantically, and it assisted with understanding the potential present inside me. This program has helped me to dispose of the psychological blockage, and I can be a sure speaker and accommodator simultaneously. In view of the degrees of the meetings, the interviewees accentuated diverse elaborate changes. Enrolled nursing pioneers gave increasingly solid legitimization and clarification about their expressive changes (Horsch, Hapfelmeier Elter 2011). Additionally, they likewise concurred this has helped them to meet the specific needs. Then again, the Enrolled Nurse pioneers have underlined more on the qualities frameworks (Benjamin, Riskus Skalla 2011). This meeting likewise uncovered that lion's share of the interviewees knows about their convictions and elaborate changes. Additionally, most of Registered Nurse has answered that they are a lot of mindful of their elaborate changes. Around 70 percent of the enrolled medical attendants have consented to it. They additionally gave bits of proof in regards to their adjustments in styles and conduct (MacPhee et al., 2012). They likewise gave a majority of models in regards to the apparent changes in staff conduct and the training condition. The classification of the authority and instructive program that are proposed by the analysts are organized underneath - Diary and Writer Instruction for the undertaking Bleich, M. R. (2015) Distinguishing the initiative limit and dependent on that a comprehensive methodology ought to be led which will add relevant components to enable the medical caretaker to develop in administration quality. Benjamin et al. (2011) Giving a Magnet model and structure that is shrewdly outline attempted to change the medical caretakers to a potential chief later on. In addition, the work likewise causes the association to recognize and teach the potential heads of the association. Curtis et al. (2011) The information to look for the assistance of the social insurance associations in giving hand on understanding to the alumni medical caretakers. Besides, authority qualities ought to be worked inside a medical caretaker which will improve his/her critical thinking capacity and viability in keeping up a gathering Nguyen and Brenda (2011) The e

breathing

breathing today, the taal volcano erupted. photo from https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/12/asia/gallery/taal-volcano-eruption/index.html volcanic eruptions bring to mind the old tales passed down from our elders. i’m from metro manila, you see, and in high school earth science lessons we would talk about volcanoes, and my teachers have been old enough to remember  the 1991 pinatubo eruption, and they would tell us stories. no one lived near enough to have been through the worst, but it was near enough that they felt the effects. i remember the the one thing all the stories had in common was the mention of ash. there was a lot of ash, which the wind blew in every direction, eventually reaching manila. you couldn’t drive very far without ash sticking to the windshield of your car. there was so much ash, that it looked like snow, piling itself on the ground, white specks, burying everything in dust. a phreatic eruption, we would learn, an explosion of water, and rock, and steam, and dust, and ash. the recent taal eruption was also phreatic. the pictures all have the column of ash and dust over the crater, and many have the volcanic lightning. and all over social people are sharing pictures of windshields covered by specks of dust, infographics with safety reminders, highlights of recent natural disasters, and pictures of the eruption. the image that is brought to mind is that of an exhaust pipe, sputtering and spewing smoke into the air, an engine breathing out the exhaust gases that it doesn’t want to remain inside. around the past week or so people have come back for iap. that’s independent activities period, which is exactly what it sounds like: there aren’t regular classes, but there are lots of activities happening. the hallways feel like they’ve expanded a little, now that they are awash with students bustling to and fro. floorpi feels like it’s a little bit bigger, it feels normal again, that i am waking up and seeing people hanging out in the lounge playing overcooked or something. that slowly the campus feels as if it is being brought back to life, as if it is having the oxygen rushing into its lungs, and in the same way that lungs expand when they take in oxygen, mit feels bigger now. i feel bigger now. i feel like i don’t exist solely in my room any more. i’m in two classes, which means i’m out of my room on mondays wednesdays fridays 11 to 3:30 and tuesdays thursdays 11 to 3. there’s a waltz class on monday evenings at 7:30. tech squares is happening on tuesday nights at 8. there are esp worksessions on wednesday nights. a friend visited me on thursday night, and we ate dinner together. i ran an event on friday night. i’ve been juggling writing problems for our national olympiad and hanging out with friends and learning and reading. my calendar jumped from empty to full, and i feel full, i feel fullâ€" i feel the life has come back into me. the life has come back in. i feel as if a bolt of lightning had struck me and i feel alive again. all throughout the week i feel like i have been running on energy i have built up from inactivity, every hour, every minute of the day, occupied with something to do. it feels  froshy, sure, that’s the right word to describe it. i am excited about everything. i feel as if it’s orientation week again. it feels good. yesterday, saturday, i spent the whole day out. there was a puzzle club event around noon, where we solved puzzles in preparation for next week’s mystery hunt. i am incredibly excited for mystery hunt, i can’t wait for it to happen, a lot of people are coming and a lot of puzzles will happen. mystery hunt is how i first heard of mit, back when i was thirteen or fourteen, and i wasn’t even  thinking about how i would go to college in a place like this, and now i’m here, for my first onsite puzzlehunt, and it’ll be great, it’ll be great, it’ll be great. and then i went to et, one of mit’s independent living groups, and did some square dancing. the way square dancing works is that there’s a caller who gives instructions for everyone to do. at the plus level, which is the level that mit’s square dance club dances, there are a little more than a hundred different calls, each with its own instructions. we did a game where we gave someone with no square dancing experience a list of some of these calls, without any other instructions, and told him to call for us. he had a great time figuring out what the instructions were and watching us dance, and we had a great time interpreting weird and unusual calls. from et, i took the green line to dumpling palace, where i ate dinner with two friends. and then we walked to bso to watch a concert. before that night, i didn’t know any of the pieces that were played; it just struck me that i had a bso college card but haven’t used it yet, so i asked friends if they wanted to come with me. there were so many people, there were thousands of people, and i wasn’t even expecting that many; we even saw a friend, another person from mit, who was there, which was a nice surprise. i’m not a classical music geek like my friends are; i don’t even play any instruments other than the guitar, but i appreciated saint-saëns’s organ symphony nonetheless, and we walked home together that night, and the weather was so nice, that it felt like the beginning of fall again, and i got home, at half past ten in the evening, and as soon as i got in my room my web.lab team asked if we could meet to discuss our pitch. and web.lab is one of the two classes i’m taking this iap, where we form teams and we’re taught to build a website, and that night we made slides for pitching our idea to the web.lab staff the next day, and then, and then, it was midnight, and i was walking home, and i worked on homework for the other class i’m taking, and i sent emails, and i wrote this blog post, this morning i woke up and i didn’t want to get out of bed. the day will come, i remember an upperclassman telling me, when you’ll be jaded too. i told him that i’m already jaded, in the sense that i’m clueless about what i want to do with my life. i feel as if i’m wandering directionless. that nothing i really do will have an impact on the world, that i’ll never find a job that i’ll be happy with, that i’ll forever be stuck looking for meaning in my life without coming up with any. so it’s not  jadedâ€"i don’t think that’s how i’ll describe myself right now. it’s not  hosed, because that feels like a different thing, the state of being when you have a lot to do. and yes, i’m hosed in that respect, but i’m not sure that’s how i feel. it’s not  burnt out. i don’t feel burnt out. i feel like i still have the energy to do things  tomorrow. but, today i only have enough energy for easier things. maybe it’s tired. the image that is brought to mind is that of breathing out. of emptying my lungs. there’s this association i make with breathing out that’s linked to relaxing. relaxing my shoulders, my arms, my torso. my body aches for more activity, after so, so long without any of it, but i’m not sure if i want to take on more. i’m not sure if i can take on more. i can have fun again tomorrow.

Stress And The Lgbt Teenager - 1738 Words

Stress and the LGBT Teenager Stressful teens are everywhere, existing in every middle and high school, hoping to get through the day. The amount of homework, after-school activities and social scene can put a lot of demands on a teen, especially a teenage girl. But, if you are a lesbian teenage adolescent, everything gets even more difficult and can lead to problems including stress, anxiety, depression and even suicide. The teen years represent a time when children begin to discover who they are. They acknowledge their social, personal, and sexual identities. In many cases, a student will not seek help, suffering in silence and feel more pressure. Many gay youths feel guilty about their sexuality and painfully different from their peers; they worry about the response from their families, friends, and teachers. Some teens have to go to school in a hostile environment and some encounter shame, social isolation and even bullying and cyber bullying on a routine basis. If a teen is feeling rejected or not supported by her family, she is far more likely to have these conditions. This does not mean, however, that LGBT identity itself is the cause of these challenges. These feelings are mainly due to bias, discrimination, and how they are treated in social environments. Coming out can be a very stressful time for a teen girl. She risks family and peer rejection. Especially with technology today, the mere mention of being bi or lesbian on Instagram or Facebook can set offShow MoreRelatedTeenage Suicide On The Rise Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesEven his close friends refused to sit with him at lunch. Later that year, James Rodemeyer committed suicide.This case is just one of many where an adolescent feels that their is no other solution than to end their life. It is estimated that, 42% of LGBT of youth have experienced bullying, and they are two to three times more likely to attempt suicide than other teens (BullyingStatistics.org, 2016). It’s very hard in this day and age to be young, and let alone to be young and identify as lesbian,Read MoreThe Anxiety With A Referral From A General Practitioner1638 Words   |  7 Pagespractitioner to a psychologist whom can then confirm the diagnosis and treat the disorder. The main contributing factors are the demands of being a single working parent with teenagers, fear of losing her job, police involvement, child services involvement, illicit drugs which is causing a pressure cooker situation. Anxiety and stress are a natural response to dealing with these situations causing nervousness, anxiousness, hopelessness and constant feeling of apprehension. A psychologist can perform Cognitive-behaviourRead MoreLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender1675 Words   |  7 PagesOne particular group that this paper will be focusing on is The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community because they face multiple levels of victimization, and it is hard for this group to adjust to society once they have identified themselves as being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. In 2013, law enforcement agencies had reported 5,928 hate crime incidents, 20.8 percent were motivated by sexual orientation, and 60.6 percent were identified as gay male-targeted bias. Gay malesRead MoreMy Sexual Orientation Is Drugs949 Words   |  4 Pagesthese years, people are prone to innumerable forms of stressors in their lives. It is not uncommon for this group to face victimization by parents, peers, and so-called friends during their daily lives. Dealing with common stressors may influence teenagers to participate in strain-relieving activities . . .some of which are not always legal. Underage drinking and illicit drug abuse alone are two expanding problems plaguing teens. More often than not, these two behaviors are done simultaneously. ThisRead MoreMy Operational Definition Of Social Justice1263 Words   |  6 Pages My operational definition of social justice (t he distribution of advantage and disadvantage within a society) is controversial to my social justice (LGBT Liberation) because they have a disadvantage in today s society. It s controversial because people today are afraid to come out because they re afraid of other people s reactions. Everyone in today s society depends on other people s opinions. On what s right or what s the â€Å"norm†. Many people feel this is a lifestyle choice not part ofRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is Right Or Wrong?979 Words   |  4 Pagesup in same-sex marriage environment may experience confusion and embarrassment in public surroundings; likewise, young adults and teenagers who have family members or who are themselves members of the LGBT community may experience embarrassment and unusual social pressure. Sometimes, pressure forces people to move into communities that are more acceptable to the LGBT lifestyle. Children in a stable family with both mother and father figure would provide the best e nvironment for them to mature andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is Immoral And Unnatural990 Words   |  4 Pagesup in same-sex marriage environment may experience confusion and embarrassment in public surroundings; likewise, young adults and teenagers who have family members or who are themselves members of the LGBT community may experience embarrassment and unusual social pressure. Sometimes, pressure forces people to move into communities that are more acceptable to the LGBT lifestyle. Children in a stable family with both mother and father figure would provide the best environment for them to mature andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Bright Lines Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesa clash between the LGBT community and due to this, often times those members lose a spiritual connection. The article, â€Å"Loss Of Religious Or Spiritual Identities Among The LGBT Population.† goes onto to further explore this topic, stating that, â€Å"Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (L GBT) individuals are at risk of having negative experiences with religion because of mainstream religions’non LGBT-affirming stance. (Wood)† The article goes on further to state that, â€Å"â€Å"LGBT individuals may feelRead MoreWhy Are Lgbt Students Committing Suicide More Than Non Transgender Students?1559 Words   |  7 Pages In a study research, it was discovered that LGBT [lesbians, gays, bisexual and transgender] youths commit suicide more than heterosexual youths. One question that perturbed my mind was Why are LGBT students committing suicide more than non-LGBT students? What factors are responsible for the massive suicide? Lesbians, gays, bisexual and transgender and heterosexual people are all members of a community, however, the society finds it difficult to accept them as members of the society insteadRead MoreLGBT Community and Discrimination.1291 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one hears the words â€Å"LGBT† and â€Å"Homosexuality† it often conjures up a mental picture of people fighting for their rights, which were unjustly taken away or even the social emergence of gay culture in the world in the1980s and the discovery of AIDS. However, many people do not know that the history of LGBT people stretches as far back in humanity’s history, and continues in this day and age. Nevertheless, the LGBT community today faces much discrimination and adversity. Many think the problem

2007-2008 Financial Crisis - 1327 Words

The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 The Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008 Economists and scholars spend years dissecting financial markets and evaluating the causes of booms and busts. Throughout United States history there have been multiple economic booms that were underestimated and followed by recessions. In the situation of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis many culprits have been identified as causes, such as loose monetary policy, credit booms, deregulation, over complexity, and greed. Since the economic boom was solely dependent on weak policies and misconceptions, this leads me to believe prevention was possible with adequate regulatory policy, risk assessment and clarifications for commercial banks. Monetary†¦show more content†¦Generally homeowners were required to meet certain qualifications in order to borrow funds for mortgages, also known as prime mortgages. Since the prime mortgage market had receded, lenders were encouraged to lower their requirements for lending and began to allow subprime mortgages. These less responsible homeowners began to default on their mortgages, which turned investment bankers’ stream of mortgage payments into empty houses. Increases in foreclosures raise the supply of available houses, which lowers the fair market values of houses. The prime mortgage homeowners were left with houses that were highly devalued relative to their mortgages and began to abandon their mortgage obligations. Mortgage lenders, investment bankers, and outside investors froze their activities, as they faced possible bankruptcy. Regulatory/Supervisory Inadequacies Deregulation is believed to be the underlying cause of all economic downturns, as its scope of responsibility reaches all markets. In the 1930s the United States experienced a bank crisis that sparked a widespread distrust in the banking system and people withdrew their money from the depository institutions overnight. The sudden retraction of the money supply from the economy caused many banks to close and the economy to suffer. The Banking Act of 1933, also known as the Glass-Steagall Act, was created to insure depositors’Show MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081389 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most devastating aspects of the financial crisis of 2007-2008 to middle-class America was the crash of the housing market. Millions of Americans were affected and faced foreclosures on homes that were purchased with subprime mortgages. The impact of these mortgages varied state to state. Nevada, one of the countries leading tourist des tinations, led the market in foreclosure rates and housing appraisal drops. The government s false sense of security in regards to the economy and theRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008994 Words   |  4 Pages The subprime financial crisis of 2007-2008 was brought on by much more than unethical traders. It consisted of multiple variables: the deterioration in financial institutions’ balance sheets, asset price decline, increase in interest rates, and an increase in market ambiguity. This in turn led to the worsening of the adverse selection and moral hazard situation in the market, which led to a decline in economic activity, bringing forth the banking crisis. After the banking crisis, an unanticipatedRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007 / 2008 Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesThe financial crisis of 2007/2008 had a negative impact on the UK economy, resulting in low growth and high level of unemployment while inflation constantly remained above the 2% target. In thos e extraordinary circumstances focus of monetary policy had to be on growth rather than reaching inflation target, resulting in gradual reduction of the Bank rate from 5.75% in middle of 2007 to its lowest level of 0.5% in the beginning of 2009 (BoE, 2014). Although, a low interest rate led to significant depreciationRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe recent credit crunch. The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by some economists such as Nouriel Roubini, professor of economics and international business at New York University, Kenneth Rogoff, professor of economics and public policy at Harvard University, and Nariman Behravesh, chief economist and executive vice president for IHS Global Insight, to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression ofRead MoreThe Financial Crisis of 2007-2008541 Words   |  2 PagesThe financial crisis of 2007-2008 had more sounding effects on financial institutions even greater than the crisis brought about by the stocks downfall in the 1990’s. The reason for this is that the financial institutions were at the centre of the whole crisis. And financial institutions being one of the key pillars in a country’s economy, the crisis was bound to have a big effect in US as a whole. So, in order to understand wha t rely happened, it is wise to go through the paper written by NicholasRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008928 Words   |  4 PagesDefine: Introduction The Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 was considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression in the decade preceding World War II. The Global Financial Crisis threatened large range of the financial organizations. Although the central banks and other banks were trying to keep away from the crisis, the stock market still suffered a huge decline internationally. Other than the global stock market, the house market was also influenced greatly, causing the unemploymentRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007 / 20081914 Words   |  8 PagesThe financial crisis of 2007/2008 had a negative impact on the UK economy, resulting in low growth and high level of unemployment while inflation constantly remained above the 2% target. In those extraordinary circumstances focus of monetary policy had to be on growth rather than reaching inflation target, resulting in gradual reduction of the Bank rate from 5.75% in middle of 2007 to its lowest level of 0.5% in the beginning of 2009 (BoE , 2014). Although, a low interest rate led to significant depreciationRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008 Essay2367 Words   |  10 PagesWhen discussing the financial crisis of 2007-2008, it is incredibly important to discuss the relevance of the government bailout and organized sale of Bear Stearns. There is a large amount of discussion behind whether or not Bear Stearns, a large investment based financial institution, should have been bailed out by the US government. The decision to bail out and have a government-orchestrated sale of Bear Stearns was an incredibly complicated situation to discuss and there are parts of which cannotRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is the worst financial crisis since the 1930’s The Great Depression (Reuters, 2009). Even if bailouts of banks by national governments prevented the collapse of major financial institutions, worldwide stock markets continue d to drop. Evictions and foreclosures overwhelmed the housing market while severed unemployment embraced the labor market (Baily and Elliot, 2009). This global financial crisis was responsible for the decline in the consumers’ wealth, andRead MoreEffects Of The Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081763 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial crisis of 2007-2008 is widely considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1930s. The origin of this big storm dated back to the high home prices of the United States. After America’s entire investment banking system was attacked, many industries such as auto industry also went bankrupt. Unfortunately, it spread quickly to the whole world, causing huge damages to the global economy. Therefore, my study will focus on the effects of the financial crisis of 2007-2008

Ozone Layer Free Essays

Introduction What is Ozone? The chemical formula for ozone is O3. The molecule of ozone constitutes three atoms of oxygen. Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen and is less stable than the diatomic species O2. We will write a custom essay sample on Ozone Layer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ozone is highly reactive form of oxygen. Ozone in the upper layer of the atmosphere protects the ultraviolet rays from reaching the earth surface on the other hand ozone in the lower layer of the earth surface causes respiratory problems in living organisms. About 90 percent of ozone is present in the stratosphere (15 to 50 km altitude). Ozone has two vital functions. First, it is responsible for filtering out large wavelength band of ultraviolet solar radiation, radiation which would be lethal to the creatures of the earth if it arrived, the earth surface in full intensity. Second, ozone warms the upper layer of the stratosphere, which is an important part of the mechanism of the weather phenomena of the earth atmosphere. The presence of ozone in the upper atmosphere was first recognized by Cornu in 1879 and Hartley in 1880. Formation of ozone layer The formation of ozone layer is photochemical mechanism. The ultraviolet rays strike the oxygen molecules splitting the oxygen molecule into two independent unstable atoms of oxygen. These unstable oxygen atoms in search of stability combine with the unbroken oxygen molecules to form less stable ozone. Since ozone is less stable, ultraviolet rays further split it yielding oxygen molecule and oxygen atom. This process forms a chain and gets repeated again and again. This is a never ending process. Ozone is a trace gas in the atmosphere. Even in the stratosphere where it is most concentrated, it forms only a few parts per million of the local atmospheric composition. Discovery of ozone hole The Antarctic ozone hole was discovered in 1985. A team of scientists from the British Antarctic survey reported a very larger seasonal fall in ozone values measured over their station at Halley Bay in Antarctica. Every year in September and October, ozone levels were falling significantly, by about 25 percent but sometimes by as much as 60 percent. The decline probably started around 1976. Data showed no significant changes during 1957 and 1975 but there were apparent changes from 1977 to 1984. When scientists reported the Antarctic Ozone hole and, more importantly, that the impact of ozone depletion would include increased risk of cataract and skin cancer and of reduced body immunity, the public, especially in the north, became worried. Depletion of ozone in the stratosphere The debates point towards the oxides of nitrogen and water-vapor from the exhaust of high flying aircraft. This was followed by a widely published argument that inert chlorine containing compounds might significantly deplete stratospheric ozone. By 1985, the concerns about nitrogen oxides were largely laid to rest. The Montreal Protocol to the 1985 Vienna Convention for the protection of Ozone layer, signed on September 16, 1987 is one of the small numbers of international environmental agreements that have had rapid and concrete impacts on the actions of the nations and other groups responsible for the quality of environment. While the 1985 Vienna Convention only urged States to adopt measures to reduce their consumption of harmful chemicals, Parties to the Montreal Protocol agreed to reduce consumption, of key Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to 50 percent of 1986 levels by 1988. Through the effort of industry, government and public interest groups, and motivated by improvements in scientific understanding, technical capability and a willingness to overcome social and economic barriers, reductions in use and phase-outs have progressed further and faster than expected while the list of controlled chemicals has expanded. At meetings in London in 1990 and Copenhagen in 1992, Parties accelerated the original reduction schedules and added the new substances to the list. Three years later, at the seventh meeting of the Parties in Vienna, Parties agreed to phase-out methyl bromide. Incremental Costs Many actions that help protect the global environment incur incremental costs. For example, the choice of more expensive (but non-ozone-depleting) technologies and chemicals to provide a given level of refrigeration yields a global environmental benefit in the form of protection for the ozone layer in the Stratosphere. This global benefit has not been valued monetarily but had been judged implicitly to exceed the costs of phasing out ozone depleting substances (ODSs). Incremental costs are being incurred to protect global biodiversity, reduce the risk of climate change, and prevent the pollution of international waters. Benefits of protecting the global or regional environment accrue to many nations, rather than only to the country that incurs the cost of action. To minimize the global incremental costs, that is to achieve a given level of ozone-depleting substances phase out at the lowest cost to the world community. Future impacts The negotiations concerning Ozone between 1982 and 1992 have launched and developed a new type of diplomacy, which can rightly be called global environmental diplomacy. While it is certainly true that the Montreal Protocol involved many countries with strong views on what should be done, there was always a willingness to take one step at a time. The phasing out of CFCs are could not be agreed upon in 1987, it was accepted 50 percent. The agreement to phase out methyl chloroform by 2000 was not agreed upon in London, it was accepted in 2003. Of course, countries agreed to the interim steps because they believed they could come back another time and make the step more stringent, which is what happened at every stage. But, the spirit of compromise was critical to the success of the Protocol. Likely, future demand for each ODS use was projected to the year 2010 (2015 for 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane) in the absence of any limitations imposed by the Montreal Protocol. The resultant unconstrained demand forecasts provided the baseline estimate of the quantities of the ODSs to be substituted if demand for products is to be fulfilled, thus maintaining the domestic benefit. Given the uncertainties associated with forecasting, especially so far into the future, the projections were only indicative of likely future trends. The future state of the ozone layer will remain still because it will be controlled not only by chlorine and bromine loading but also by the atmospheric abundance of nitrous oxide, methane, sulphate particles, carbon dioxide and water vapor and by the climate of the earth. It is essential to clarify the mechanisms potentially delaying the recovery of the ozone layer. Such work should be followed by research for predicting the future of the ozone layer, as well as risk assessments and countermeasures, taking into account the above mentioned uncertainties. It is also important to study the possible impacts of ozone layer destruction on human health and ecosystems. Works Cited Dr. Christie Maureen. The Ozone Layer: A Philosophy of Science Perspective. Cambridge University Press (2001) Mohan Munasinghe. King Kenneth. Ozone Layer Protection: Country Incremental Costs. World Bank Publications (1995) Le Preste, Phillipe G. Reid, John D. Morehouse Thomas E. Protecting the Ozone Layer: Lessons, Models and Prospects. Springer (1998) How to cite Ozone Layer, Essay examples

How HG Wells shows his low opinion of mankind in War of the Worlds Essay Example For Students

How HG Wells shows his low opinion of mankind in War of the Worlds Essay Throughout the book, Wells demonstrates the fragility of modern civilisation and the true awful nature of man revealed under stress. An example of the easily un-stabilized equilibrium of modern society is given at the beginning of Chapter Sixteen; So you understand the roaring wave of fear that swept through the greatest city in the world just as Monday was dawning this shows how quickly a forceful, unstoppable panic can throw even the greatest example of civilised humanity (egotistically represented by him as London) into chaos. Even the most basic authorities which glue society together and are the last trusted institutions when all else is lost, are shown to fall with little effort by ten oclock the police organisation, and by midday even the railway organisations, were losing coherency, losing shape and efficiency, guttering, softening, running at last in that swift liquefaction of the social body. This shows how the very structure of society is beginning to crumble leaving its lesser parts to run chaotically into non-existence just as that of the liquidating, collapsing corpse that society has become. He then shows how this fast and facile degradation of social structure shows mans true brutal nature, how we so easily revert to our primal fight or flight instincts. Martians have not even reached London and already revolvers were fired, people stabbed and the police, societys epitome of order and law are breaking the heads of the people they were called out to protect the brutality of it all is shown in the words wells chooses to use, rather than the police forcefully creating order they are breaking heads some of the more gruesome imagery which could have been used. Wells not only shows his disdain for man as a whole but focuses on his hate of imperialism (the British Empire in particular). He does so by drawing comparison between the Martians and a European invading force. An example of this would be in Chapter Seventeen The tangled maze of streets would have seemed stripped black with streaming fugitives. This reference to fugitives seems very reminiscent of the chaos left during European imperialist invasions. He also says that the hugest armies Asia has ever seen would be a drop in the current. this is a comment on the devastation caused by modern western warfare against other less advanced armies elsewhere. The way in which the Martian attack is planned shows parallels to that of humans also. They cut the telegraph lines to disrupt communication and destroy lines of railway track to do so to organised travel. They blow up ammunition stores to render our only weapons useless all of which is intended to hamstring ones opponent before they have time to plan and execute an adequate reaction which is notably characteristic of European imperialists in Wells time. However Wells does not to seem to have quite given up on humanity as a whole at the time of writing this book. An example of this is that throughout the book the narrator describes all of the horrors which occur before his eyes with a decided sense of detachment which gives the reader the impression that he is almost emotionless, an inhuman representative of an insensitive species. However this is contradicted in the last few lines and strangest of all is it to hold my wifes hand again, and to think that I have counted her and she has counted me among the dead. This is a definite proof that through it all man has a beauty and nobility which is no better summated than in his capacity for love. The focus on the inner beauty of man is given by the poetic devices Wells uses in these last few lines; by inverting it and is and by repeating the counting amongst the dead he creates a deliberate poetic style. Human nobility in general, it seems, is summed up in the narrators brother. A clear example of this is when he says I dare not leave my people a very dramatic and inherently noble statement. .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .postImageUrl , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:hover , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:visited , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:active { border:0!important; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:active , .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71 .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf68f742bb50ab06da24fad862e442f71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner Analysis EssayThis is also shown when the pitiful miser, who has been run over and paralysed by the speeding carts and is still scrabbling after his money is pulled hot of harms way by his brother even as he bites and hits at his arm whilst risking his own life in the busy street. This is in affirmation of his previous actions when he saves two defenceless women from three thieves by his own fist. This damsel in distress imagery is a classic stereotypical example of human nobility and chivalry. Overall Wells seems to be trying to show that despite the seemingly sturdy and sophisticated nature of human civilisation, we are nothing more than tamed savages. That the only activity in which we are inherently successful is that of laying waste to those less able than ourselves, as the British did so efficiently in Africa and the like a venture to which Wells was most definitely opposed. Although he also says that through all of this degradation of morality and more generally humanity there is something which separates us from mere beasts and vermin; the capacity for chivalry, altruism and emotion.

Art and Design Analysis

Art and Design Analysis Art is the effective use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others (Kilgallen para. 6). One arranges work in such a manner that will capture, influence and affect one or more senses, emotions and intellect (Kilgallen para. 2). Art is made up of a wide range of modes of expressions, creations, and human activities. They include photography, paintings, film, literature, and music.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Art and Design Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Design is an area of human experience, skill and knowledge which is concerned with the ability of one to mould the environment to suit a desired need. Depending on the art and design work done, a person is likely to be impressed by the work. Art is meant to capture the readers mind and emotions (Kilgallen para. 4). Art and design is supposed to bring or facilitate the intuiti ve of a person rather than the rational understanding (Kilgallen 6). Art has many specific categories whereby each is related to its technique and medium. Examples of arts are: decorative arts, performing arts, plastic arts and literature. Art and design is primarily dependent on personal opinion (Kilgallen 21). For instance, what would be pleasing to my eyes would not attract another person’s sense of sight and mind. In my opinion, a good work of art is supposed to show some skill, create meaning and also show a high degree of creativity. Analysis of the work of art from the source website is as follows. First, the arts show a high level of creativity. The images depict a strong form of creativity since in the process of the art work it shows there was a cognitive approach that describes the thought technique. The images too show a measure of creativity since it is evident there was a background skill of how things look like (Kilgallen 2). For instance, the drawing of the tr ee seems to be an original art work due to the fact that the tree has green leaves and the rest of the images show simplicity since they graphically describe the natural life of people (Kilgallen 3). This is evident in the drawing of a person who is sure, stubborn, and yet, proud. This shows a high level of creativity. These drawings express original record of action since they seem not to have been drawn using anything mechanical. The drawings are purely handmade and they show that the artist spent a lot of time to come up with these drawings. The artist took all the time to come up with these drawing and to further express the feeling to other people (Kilgallen 23). In my own opinion, the drawings are excellent since they are not flat but have great content.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The artist should have been influenced by the fact that most drawings found in books and l ibraries are very obvious and tend to be very flat. These drawings show that the artist of these art and design works was inspired by some thought and put the creative though into the drawings. There is a clear evidence of thinking in the mind of the art and design work (Kilgallen para. 6). However, with regard to the space used, the drawings are congested together. The artist has effectively utilized the space though I feel the drawings are congested and have some text that is not clear. The mixture of capital letters and small letters in the texts describing the images is also not appealing (Kilgallen para. 7). The multimedia files are also well dealt with. They depict a lot of creativity. Art and design, is not a simple work. It needs a lot of devotion and creativity in order to become a successful artist. Kilgallen, Margaret. Support for PBS. 2001. Web. Kilgallen, Margaret. Support for PBS. 2001. Web. Kilgallen, Margaret. Support for PBS. 2001. Web. Kilgallen, Margaret. Support for PBS. 2001. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Art and Design Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kilgallen, Margaret. Support for PBS. 2001. Web.

Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essays

Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essays Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Essay Topic: Like Water for Chocolate This is what The New Oxford Dictionary says about worship. This being the definition and meaning that anybody can give praise, respect, or love to anything for instance my sister worships chocolate she shows this by eating gallons and gallons of it! I worship the Leicester Tigers Rugby Football club and show it by losing my voice from shouting at matches! However worship can involve kneeling, praying, and attending services. Worship can take place anywhere, homes churches, sport stadiums, mosques and others.For a Muslim worship to them means adoration and giving thanks, praise and respect through prayer and that this is the way to communicate with God.In mosques it is a tradition to have a number of features and furnishings. The most noticeable feature of a mosque is:The DomeThis is usually over the roof of the mosque and gives you the feeling of calm when you enter. It reminds them of their origins in the Middle East, as they are common there. It amplifies the voice of the Imam duri ng the Friday prayer when Muslims go to the mosque to pray.The MinaretThe minaret is a tall tower from which a muezzin calls the religious to prayer. Throughout the day the muezzin will go and call from the minaret five times. This reminds people to pray as this is one of the five pillars of Islam known as salah and shows a Muslim submission to Allah.The five pointed star and moonThe five-pointed star reminds Muslims of the five pillars, Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Saum, and Hajj. The moon represents God, the creator this being one of the 99 names of Allah and of the lunar calendar.Wudu facilitiesMen and women have separate facilities wudu is for washing in, as on entering a mosque you should be presented as clean an smart. Wudu is so that the worshipper and the house of God is keptphysically and spiritually clean. At all mosques there is running water and taps for this ritual to be taken place.Before entering the Mosque, a Muslim performs a ritual washing in the courtyardPrayer hallThi s is the most important part of the mosque. It is carpeted for prayer, as there are no seats and everyone stands facing Mecca, the Holy City of Islam. In the prayer hall all are equal in the eyes of God. The empty space resembles Gods vastness. There is nothing in the prayer hall that will put people off from thinking and talking to Allah.Qibla wallThis wall facing Mecca tells Muslims which Direction Mecca is. All Muslims worldwide are united in facing Mecca at times of Prayer which is where Muhammad (pbuh) the messenger and prophet of Allah. Mecca is also the Destination of Hajj one of the five pillars that all Muslims have to make the Journey to at least once in their life.The Kaaba in MeccaMihrabThis is in the Qibla wall and indicates the exact direction Of Mecca and the Kaaba. The prayer leader (Imam) stands in front of this and leads the prayer.The Mihrab (prayer niche) and the Minbar (pulpit) in the Amr Mosque in Cairo are focal points of public worship.MinbarThis is the pulpi t where the Imam stands and gives the sermons and reads from the Quran to the congregation. This represents when Muhammad made himself a platform to stand upon and reminds Muslims of this and carries on the tradition.Womans galleryWomen do not have to attend mosque due to family responsibilities but, however if they do chose to go there is a separate room or balcony for them to worship in so as, not to distract men and vice versa so their minds are not disturbed by sexual thoughts. It is also done so that modesty is kept, and that neither sex is displaced from prayer. It is respectful to the women to allow them to pray separately.CalligraphyCalligraphy simply translates into beautiful writing and is used as decoration in the mosque with words of the Quran written on the walls. The Islamic art of calligraphy is a way of reminding Muslims of the Quran and Hadith. It is written all over the mosque to remind Muslims that Allah is everywhere. Calligraphy is the only decoration in the pla ce of worship as images of humans and animals may lead to idol worship.The QuranThis is the Muslim Holy Book. Muslims believe that this is the word of God, Allah, the same as how the prophet Muhammad received it. The Holy book is a way of life and a guide to living. The Quran is the highest book in the mosque as it is seen as the most important. Whilst being read you must not talk or make a noise as this is a sign of respect. It should be handled with much care and should be protected greatly.The Six ClocksThese are important as they represent the times of prayer; five of the clocks show the times of the daily prayers, or Salah. The sixth one shows the time of the Friday prayer. This Friday prayer unites Muslims and is a time of support, encouragement and a sense of togetherness. These clocks show the importance of prayer to Muslims.B.When Muslims say they worship something they usually mean they give praise, thanks, and giving respect through prayer to God. Prayer is one of the fiv e pillars of Islam. Muslims pray to praise and glorify God, as Muslims owe everything to him. To Muslims prayer is sacred, as it is a time for worshippers to come into contact with God and be brought closer to him.On entering the mosque Muslims carry out a ritual called Wudu before worship and prayer and worship which can be seen as an act of worship this symbolises the ritual cleansing with water to purify the body and soul. Wudu needs running water and taps so there are wash facilities at mosques.These are the actions made by a Muslim as told to by the QuranWash your hands to the wrists three times, rinse your mouth three times with your right hand; wash nostrils three times, wash your entire face three times, and wipe head once with fingers, wash ears by putting two fingers into the ears and wiping back with thumbs. Then with the backs of both hands wipe the neck once and finally wash the right foot then the left up to the ankle three times.Washing each part means a different thi ng. While washing the hands and mouth they pray to God that they could be forgiven from sin they may have committed using there hands or mouths. When washing the nostrils the person needs to pray that they are pure enough to be able to smell the sweet scent of heaven. The washing of the face is to be prayed by asking God to remove the darkness of sin. The person must pray to God to give them the Book of Deeds whilst washing the right arm, and whilst washing the left arm the person must pray that God will not place it there. When wiping the head the person must ask to cover his with Gods mercy. When washing the ears the person should pray to God that they should not hear bad things. As wiping the back of the neck the person should ask that God does not throw The Throne of His Curse on them. When washing the feet the Muslim must pray that they are guided in a straight line and not led astray.For this reason, Wudu is an act of worship in itself. All actions are repeated three times to maintain a tradition started by Muhammad.Salah is the prayer that is compulsory five times a day. It is a religious obligation performed by Muslims. Yet it doesnt always have to take place in a mosque. However it is compulsory on a Friday, as said by the Quran. Prayer five times a day is one of the five pillars.The daily prayer times relate to the place of the sun in the sky,Morning Prayer Between dawn and sunriseMidday Prayer Between midday and halfway between midday and sunsetAfternoon Prayer Between midday prayer and sunsetEvening Prayer After sunset until darkness covers the twilightNight Prayer Between evening prayer and dawnEach prayer only needs to take a couple of minutes. Muhammad used to do this and since then Muslims have fixed the times of prayer on this. During these prayers everything else is set aside and Muslims concentrate on Allah, praising, thanking for his forgiveness and alike. Prayer helps Muslims get closer to God, bring peace and tranquillity and reminds peop le of Allah.Dua is a private and/or personal prayer not including Salah. This is performed kneeling with your hands facing up. These prayers maybe for thanks, a plea for help and more but are generally are personal. These prayers are for any length an of anytime. Many Muslims keep a part of the house clean so they are able to worship there.Many Muslims prayer before there sleep and pray as soon as they wake up as to be their first and last thought of each day. The best known prayer for Muslims is for personal strength and faith.Every Friday all adult male Muslims are expected to go to leave any other activities that are not associated with the mosque. Muslim men converge together for the Midday Prayer. In Muslim dominated Countries shops an businesses close during the Midday Hour on Fridays this is where the Imam will read from the Quran where all Muslims face the Qibla wall and after all Muslims pray separately before returning to work. Meeting at the mosque is indicating brotherho od. Everyone stands close together showing everyone is equal at the time of prayer. It gives Muslim reassurance to face the next week knowing that there are others like them, who are following the same path. The Quran dictates that Friday prayers are held so Muslims are obeying Gods word.Worship is a pillar from the five of Islam and to discontinue will destroy the pillar.Muslims pray to bring themselves closer to God, to tell him things that you dont want others to know and to concentrate on just Allah. Praying brings peace and tranquillity, courage, hope and confidence. Prayer marks Muslims who have faith. Praying, for Muslims, is the most sacred part of life as it is when they come into contact with God.In the Quran it is said to pray as it is what Muhammad (pbuh) did. Prayer demands performance and regulation, as it can often be inconvenient to perform.C.Religious Buildings come between Muslims and God.Muslims believe that a place of worship should be free of statues and figures as it is possible that when the place of worship is over ornate, it can sometimes lead you away and distract you from God as you may be looking at the pictures and idols and not worshipping for the right reasons. Only calligraphy is allowed, as that will focus The Muslims attention on Allahs teachings. Yet it could be argued that the building itself can distract you and to have pictures and figures in the place of worship will help keep you on track and your mind focused on what you are doing and the reasons for it and that if your mind does drift that seeing all the pictures will bring you back to the original thoughts.On the Fridays it is compulsory for the male to attend mosque and the Friday prayer as the Quran says it. This gives the Muslims a chance to meet and worship together and share experiences and get all the help and benefit from it they need. However, it could be said that that money spent on buildings and maintenance on the mosque could be used in a better way like t owards the poor or hungry in less developed countries instead of on the mosque, Allah would have preferred it this way.The mosque isnt actually needed some may say purely because Allah is everywhere so why waste money on buildings and features that are not strictly needed? Muslims however say that a mosque provides a place of focus on God and anything performed there does have a reason like for example Wudu, Arabic lessons Quran teachings for children it is also a place for Muslims to meet, talk and to know one another.A mosque is a place from distraction in the outside world, and also keeps the mind focused on the teachings of Allah. Yet wouldnt it show more commitment if a Muslim did worship at home?

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Essay Example It has gained popularity and support from different quotas who believe that the movement has positioned itself ideologically and consistently hence the need for its political recognition. The current membership of FARC is approximately 18,000 members, 30% of the recruits being under the age of eighteen years and surprisingly, the leadership structure is composed of 49% women. This paper will therefore discuss the political and social effects that have so far resulted from the actions of FARC. The social effects are the drug trafficking, displacements, rape, terrorism, hostages, kidnappings, lack of freedom of the press and other issues. It will also look into the political implications the movement has caused Colombia since its inception. It will finally, provide a different point of view of analysts who believe that the movement is necessary to stem out errant political leaders such the Uribe regime and the former and current presidents in Colombia who are so self centered that they have e economically downgraded the country's economy. Between the years of 1930s and 1950s, hundreds of rural based Colombians driven by their communist ideology began organizing themselves into formidable structures of security and cooperation with the aim of responding to the capitalistic expansion of the ruling interests1. They believed that the state had isolated them and therefore they needed to group all the poor members of the society (small land holders, semi-proletarians, rural workers and peasants) and champion for their rights. The group wanted to establish a corrupt free society, stable and based on local control mechanisms. These localized groups continued to expand their bases and by early 1960s, they had over sixteen groups of communities from all areas of southern and central Colombian republic. These communities were very peaceful to the central government, but to some extent, they were considered a threat to national security especially to the ruling class, land owners, the U.S geopolitical interest and the rising urban capitalists. During the Kennedy administration, the central government through its military targeted regions with strong offensive communities After its founding in the mid 1960s, the insurgency expanded in almost all parts of the country especially during the neo-liberal period when economic policies accompanied by increased repression by the state were practiced. FARC has increased its social, paramilitary and economic presence in Colombia sine that time. In fact, by 1999, the insurgent had almost conquered all the regions of the country. A few years later, reports indicated that they had occupied more than 93% of all the Colombian regions. Within the four decades since the inception of the political movement, FARC ha transformed itself from being a mere peasant-landless struggle to a complex national social force that had threatened even the United States. Currently, the movement has increased its membership base to include; intellectuals, the displaced, Afro-Colombians, unionists, urban workforce and almost all the indigenous population. With an extensive

Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple Inc - Essay Example The paper outlines the history of the Apple Inc. and describes it. The company operates across the globe through its 317 retail stores established in ten countries of the world. It also runs an online store to sale its hardware and software products to the consumers all over the world. It has surpassed Microsoft and has become the world’s largest and most valuable technology company. The company employs 46,600 people as full time employees whereas 2,800 people work as temporary fulltime for the company in different countries of the world. The annual sales of the company reached the level of $65.23 billion in the financial year 2010 whereas its assets are calculated US$ 75.18 billion. Apple Inc. was established in 1976 in California by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Steve Job and Steve Wozniak have 45percent of the company’s share each whereas the 10% remaining shares are owned by Ronald Wayne. They created the company with the intention of providing inexpensive and simple to use computers to the consumers. Initially the name of the company was Apple Computer, Inc. It operated with this name for thirty years and in 2007 that word computer was excluded from its name in order to reflect the broad variety of consumer electronic products and services being produced by the company other than the computers. Apple introduced its first system in 1976 with the name Apple I that was sold for $666.66 at the local electronics stores followed by Apple II and Mac. The company continues with the production and released of different models.... Apple introduced its first system in 1976 with the name Apple I that was sold for $666.66 at the local electronics stores followed by Apple II and Mac (Kunkel, 2006, p186). The history of Apple is marked with several important developments and decisions that contributed towards the success of the company at international level however, it has been widely regarded that the success of the company was geared up in 1984 with the production and release of its 1984 commercial directed by Ridley Scott. It was aired during the Super Bowl XVIII. It Big Brother that tell the people what to think and chose giving them no freedom of choice whereas Apple stands as the heroine giving freedom and choice of thinking to the customers. The commercial was interpreted differently however, it played vital role in bringing notoriety to the Macintosh line of computers (Jeffrey, 1988, p32). Apple II was released in 1977 that contained several enhanced features like the BASIC programming language, 16-bit pro cessing using the MOS Technology 6502 1 MHz microprocessor. After the first release they continued working to improve the capabilities and functions of their products and several subsequent models of Apple II were released having improved speed and better designed as compared with the original model of Apple II. The company also released the first ever external 5.25† floppy disk controller, read-only memory (ROM)-based Microsoft-based BASIC language program called AppleSoft and first thermal printer, the SilenType. In 1983, Apple released Apple IIe that became the most popular and best-selling of Apple II model. Some of the initial products of Apple Inc. failed to gain the popularity and success among the masses like the first Apple portable and Newton. However,

Mukia Maderaspatana Antioxidant Properties

Mukia Maderaspatana Antioxidant Properties Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions and to defend against attack from predators. Mukia maderaspatana (L.)M. Romer, is an annual monoecious climber, belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. This plant specify many medicinal properties such as constipation, cough, vertigo, burning sensation, dyspepsia and dental pain.. In this study, ascorbic acid content from fresh leaves and fruits were carried out. Also, the phytochemical analysis such as Total flavonoid, total phenolics contents of the plant were characterized, and found that leaves of M.maderaspatana is rich in ascorbic acid, an antioxidant than that of fruits and also contains adequate amount of phenolics and flavonoid contents in leaves as compared to fruits. Keywords: Mukia maderaspatana, Phytochemical activity, Antioxidant activity. Introduction: Plants (fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, etc.) may contain a wide variety of free radical scavenging molecules, such as phenolic compounds (e.g. phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, tannins), nitrogen compounds, vitamins, terpenoids (including carotenoids), and some other endogenous metabolites, which are rich in antioxidant activity (; Zheng and Wang, 2001; Cai et al., 2003). Phytochemicals present in plants have been shown to have diverse biological activities like cardioprotective, cancer prevention and inhibiton of bone resorption. One of the most common activities of the phytochemicals is the antioxidant .(B.R.Srilatha and S.Ananda., 2012). The total antioxidant activity of plant foods is the result of individual activities of each of the antioxidant compounds present such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, the latter being the major phytochemicals responsible for antioxidant activity of plant materials (Javanmardi, Stushnoff, Locke, Vivanco, 2003;) Plants are the natural source for many biochemicals, fragrance, food coloures ,flavors and medicines with less side affects. Most valuable phytochemicals are the products of secondary metabolism .The use of plants as medicines predates written human history. All the plants produce chemical compounds as a part of their normal metabolic activity. The scientific interest in identifying novel natural antioxidants for use in foods has considerably increased in recent years, because the use of synthetic antioxidants as food additives is limited by specific regulations in various countries, established on the basis of their safety.(Spiridon Kintzios et al.2010). Many plants synthesize substances that are useful to the maintenance of health in humans and other animals. Compounds like flavonoids, phenolics are widely distributed in plants fulfilling many functions. They are most common group of polyphenolic compounds in human diet, and are known for their antioxidant activities. Pharmaceutica ls and food manufactures have become interested in these compounds for their medicinal properties especially their putatitive role in inhibiting cancer or cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidant plays an important role in the living system and it prevents the oxidative damage that may result in cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. (Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav et al.,2012) Ascorbic acid , which is commonly known as vitamin C is common antioxidant . Ascorbic acid present in medicinal plants has attracted the attention of many researchers because of the wide range of their biological activities. (Mallika Jainu et al., 2008). Many studies have correlated high intakes of vitamin c, with low rates of cancer, particularly cancers of mouth, larynx and esophagus. Use of plants to treat diseases is almost universal among non industrialized societies, and are often more affordable than purchasing expensive modern pharmaceuticals. Many of the pharmaceuticals currently available to physician s have long history of use as herbal remedies including aspirin, digitalis, quinine and opium. Leaves and Fruits of Mukia maderasapatana Melothria madraspatana (Syn. Mukia maderaspatana L.) is an annual climber with hair shoots. It is an edible plant typically low in calories, low in fat, high in dietary fibre, high in iron and calcium and very high in phytochemicals such as Vitamin C, vitaminK, carotenoids, lutein, folate and polyphenolics compounds such as flavonoid etc. The whole plant is useful as it has valuable medicinal properties, cough, dental pain, burning sensation, and ayurvedic properties such as Rasa, Guna,Virya, vata, pita. In scientific literature M. maderaspatana has been shown to be anti-inflammatory, anti arthiritic Immunomodulatory, anti platelet ,hepato protective and antimicrobial. (B.R.Srilatha and S.Ananda., 2012). So the present study was carried out to evaluate the total phenolics, flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents in the leaves and the fruits of the plant. Materials and methods Plant material: M.maderaspatana were collected from vellore institute of technology (VIT) garden, vellore, Tamilnadu, State of India. Chemicals: Ascorbate, Trichloroacetic acid, DNPH (2,4 Dinitro phenylhydrazine) reagent, Thiourea solution, FC ( Folin ciocalteau)reagent, Catechol, Sodium carbonate, Ethanol, Quercetin, Aluminium Chloride, Potassium acetate. Estimation of Ascorbic acid The amount of ascorbic acid present in leaves and fruits of M.maderaspatana was estimated by method of (Roe and Keuther1943).Fresh leaves and fruits (1gm) were homogenized with 10ml of 4% TCA and centrifuged at 2000 rpm. The supernatant obtained was treated with pinch of activated charcoal for 10 min. Centrifugation was repeated and clear supernatant was obtained. Two different aliquots of supernatant (0.5 and 1.0ml) were taken as test sample . The volume was made upto 2.0ml with 4% TCA ,0.5ml of DNPH, 2drop of 10% thiourea solution was added and incubated for 3 hour at 37ËÅ ¡c . 2.5ml of 85% sulphuric acid was added and absorbance was read at 540 nm against blank . Ascorbate was used as standard. The ascorbic acid was expressed as mg equivalent per gram of extract. Preparation of ethanolic extract for phenolics: The leaves and the fruits of the plant were shade dried and powdered in the grinder. The powder leaves and fruits (25gm) was extracted with 85% ethanol (100ml) and kept overnight. The ethanol was evaporated next day using water bath and the residue was dried and used for further analysis. Estimation of phenolics: The total phenolic content present in leaves and fruits were assayed by (Mallick and Singh 1980). 10mg of plant extract was dissolved in 1ml of 80% ethanol. Further dilution were made up to 1mg /ml and different concentrations ( 10 µl,50 µl,100 µl and 250 µl) were taken and made up to 3ml with distilled water. 0.5ml of Folin ciocalteau reagent was added and incubated for 3min at RT. 2ml of sodium carbonate was added and kept in boiling water bath for 1min, cooled and absorbance was measured at 650 nm against blank .Catechol was used as standard. The total phenolic content was expressed as Catechol equivalent in mg per gram of extract. Estimation of flavonoids: The total flavonoids contents present in leaves and fruits were assayed by (Chang et al.,2002).10mg of plant extract was dissolved in 1ml of 80% ethanol, further dilution were made upto 1mg/ml and different concentrations ( 10  µl,50 µl,100 µl and 250 µl )were taken, 0.1ml of 10% aluminium chloride and 0.1ml of 1M potassium acetate and reaction mixture were made upto 3ml with distilled water. After 30min incubation at RT, the absorbance was measured at 415nm, against blank. Quercetin was used as standard. The flavonoid content was expressed as Quercetin equivalent in mg per gm of extract. Results: Standard graphs of Ascorbate, Catechol and Quercetin for Ascorbic acid, Phenolics and Flavonoid respectively are shown below, and The total content of these phytochemicals, present in M.maderaspatana were assayed using these standard graph The amount of Ascorbic acid, Total Phenolics and Flavonoids present in the leaves and fruits were investigated. The amount of Ascorbic acid is expressed as mg ascorbate /g. Graph1: (Standard curve equation Y= 0.007 x, r2 = 0.992), The total amount of phenolics is expressed as mg Catechol/g. Graph 2: ( Standard curve equation Y = 0.029 x, , r2 = 0.995) and The total amount of Flavonoid is expressed as mg Quercetin /g. Graph 3: (Standard curve equation Y = 0.012 x, r2 = 0.993) is tabulated below. Discussion: Medicinal plants are reported to be rich in antioxidants, namely polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin A, C, E and several other constituents, which are necessary for maintaining good health and useful for therapeutic purposes against various diseases (Scalbert, Johnson, Saltmarsh, 2005) Medicinal plants are gaining a lot of importance as an alternate medicine against therapy and prevention from various diseases.(Raj Kumar Dutta et al.,2012). The result of present study in quantitative analysis of Ascorbic acid in leaves of Mukia maderaspatana were high (99.046  ± 1.413  µg/g) comparatively to that of fruits, (24.52  ± 1.43  µg/g) and various studies have revealed that ascorbic acid is an antioxidant vitamin that acts synergistically with tocopherol to preserve antioxidant function in chronic disease states (Bruno et al.,2006; Traber Stevens, 2011, Nuri Andarwulan et al .,2012). And Total Phenolics (31.08  ± 0.5291  µg/g) and Flavonoid (25.388 à ‚ ± 0.0174  µg/g) contents were also high in leaves to that of fruits (14.97  ± 1.127  µg/g ),( 6.47  ± 0.012  µg/g ) respectively .In the whole, leaves showed the higher amount of contents as compared to that of the fruits, and the antioxidant property of ascorbic acid were high when compared to phenolics an flavonoid contents in M.maderaspatana plant. Conclusions: The data presented in the study showed that Mukia maderaspatana is rich in antioxidant properties, especially Ascorbic acid, which is necessary for the treatment and prevention of scurvy and reduce neurological defects. The plant also contain adequate amount of flavonoid and phenolic content, which have anti-germ activities, anti tumor and anti inflammatory properties with reduced risk of heart disease  and many chronical diseases. Thus determining the antioxidant activities from M. maderaspatana could be valuable for pharmaceuticals and even for the food industries as they are abundantly found.

Leadership Notes

Management Unit 6 Study Note: Leadership Leading Basics Leadership: The process of inspiring others to work hard to accomplish important tasks * One of the four functions that constitute the management process * Planning: sets direction and objectives * Organizing: brings resources together and turn plans into action * Leading: builds the commitments and enthusiasm needed to accomplish plans Controlling: makes sure things turns out rightVision: A term used to describe a clear sense of the future Visionary Leadership: Brings to the situation a clear sense of the future and an understanding of how to get there * Visionary leaders inspire others to take the actions necessary to turn vision into reality Power: The ability to convince someone else to do something you want, your way. Position Power: Temporary forms of power such as reward power, coercive power, and legitimate power.Personal Power: Permanent forms of power such as expert power and referent power Reward Power: Rewarding good behavior with compliments or assets Coercive Power: Deterring bad behavior with punishments or negative feedback Legitimate Power: Applying good behavior through the use of authority and rights of office Expert Power: Supporting good behavior through example, advice, and experience Referent Power: Inspiring good behavior through personal respect, integrity, and admiration Keys to Developing Position Power: Centrality: Establishing a broad network of contacts and getting involved with important information flows * Criticality: Taking good care of others * Visibility: Becoming known as an influential person Empowerment: The process through which managers enable and help others to gain power and achieve influence. Important Leadership Traits: * Drive * Self-confidence * Creativity * Cognitive ability * Business knowledge * Motivation * Flexibility * Honesty and integrityEffective Leaders: Provide information, responsibility, authority, and trust. They encourage others to take initiati ve, make decisions, utilise knowledge. Task Concerns: * Plans and defines work to be done * Assigns task responsibilities * Sets clear work standards * Urges task completion * Monitors performance results People Concerns: * Acts warm and supportive toward followers * Develops social rapport with followers * Respects the feelings of followers * Is sensitive to followers’ needs * Shows trust in followersLeadership Styles Blake/ Mouton Leadership Grid: * Team Management: High task concern; high people concern * Authority-Obedience Management: High task concern; low people concern * Country Club Management: High people concern; low task concern * Impoverished Management: Low task concern; low people concern. * Middle of the Road Management: Non-committal for both task concern and people concern Hersey-Blanchard: Leadership theory that calls for adjustments of styles for per situation.Delegating: Low-task, low-relationship style that works best in high readiness-situations Partici pating: Low-task, high-relationship style that works best in low- to moderate-readiness situations Selling: High-task, high-relationship style that works best in moderate- to high-readiness situations Telling: High-task, low-relationship style that works best in low-readiness situations Fiedler Contingency Model: Good leadership is based on leadership style (task or relationship otivated) and situational demands (member relations, task structure, position power) Task – Oriented Leader: Leader that focuses on task completion. Strong in high control situations but weak in low control situations Relationship – Oriented Leader: Leader that focuses on employee relationships. They are strongest in middle control situations. House Path Goal Leadership: * Directive Leadership: When job assignments are ambiguous. * Supportive Leadership: When worker self-confidence is low. * Participative Leadership: When performance incentives are poor. Achievement-Oriented Leadership: When ta sk challenge is insufficient Readiness: How ready, willing, and able employees are in performing tasks. Substitutes for Leadership: Factors in the work setting that direct work efforts without the involvement of a leader * Subordinate: Ability, experience, independence * Task Characteristics: Routine, availability of feedback * Organizational Characteristics: Clarity of plans and formalization of rules and procedures Charismatic Leaders: Develop special leader-follower relationships and inspire others in extraordinary ways.Vroom-Jago Leader-Participation Model: designed to help a leader choose the method of decision making that best fits the nature of the problem being faced. In this model, the best leader is someone able to choose and implement the most appropriate decision methods. * Authoritative decision – made by leader * Consultative decision – made by leader with help of group * Group decision – made by group members through participation Works best when: -leader lacks sufficient info -problem is unclear acceptance of others is necessary for implementation -adequate time is available to allow for true participation Transformational Leadership: Someone who is truly inspirational as a leader and who arouses others to seek extraordinary performance accomplishments. * Vision * Charisma * Symbolism * Empowerment * Intellectual stimulation * Integrity Transactional Leadership: Someone who is methodical as a leader and keeps others focused on progressing toward goal accomplishment.Emotional Intelligence: The ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively Male Leadership: Men tend to use transactional leadership Female Leadership: Women tend to use interactive leadership, a style that shares qualities with transformational leadership and behaviors. Ethical Leadership: * Integrity: The leader’s honesty, credibility, and consistency in putting values into action. Crucial for transformational leadership and good old-fashi oned leadership. * Moral Obligation: Awaken people’s potential, instill high expectations and let others do their best.

Reflection paper about educational class Essay

Reflection paper about education class Introduction                  Child safety involves preventing the child from physical, psychological and emotional harm. I have learnt a lot from this course since child safety is a major issue in the society. This is because as a grown up I am obligated to take care of all the children. I came to learn that child safety is very crucial since it sets the foundation of the child development. This will make the children to feel appreciated and loved as the parent guide them in decision making which is very crucial in their lifetime. I also came to learn that child safety is more than providing food, shelter, education and other basic needs, but it entail protection from harm resulting from abuse and neglect. I came to learn that child are at high risk of injuries, accidents and crime which necessitate appropriate measures so as to provide a safe environment for the children. I learnt that there are several ways of enhancing child safety which include: providing a safe environment, implementing safety measures as well as educating protective measures to the children. I also learnt that parent advice is paramount as it guides the children on appropriate safety measures. Parents should also listen and respond to their children’s needs which ensure they maintain good rapport between parent and the child. In conclusion, child safety is becoming a social concern since children are likely to face many risky situations. Providing necessary child safety is very central to every child especially in their development. This is because the children grow up in a safe environment free from abuse and neglect. Children should be protected from physical, emotional and psychological harm. However, it is imperative to provide the appropriate level of child safety since overprotecting the children have adverse consequences. References Child care safety checklist for parents & child care providers. (2009). Bethesda, Md.: Consumer Product Safety Commission. Source document